Destruction of the American Dream Essay - 2145 Words

Destruction of the American Dream I’ve talked about it in the past, the destruction of the American Dream. Always, there have been papers, writings, and thoughts that quantify a particular section of its ultimate demise, be it due to money, education, or sexuality. Maybe the destruction cannot be viewed as a singular event or cause. Perhaps instead it must be examined as a whole process, the decay and ultimate elimination of a dream. Self destruction, if you will†¦ Mr. Self Destruct In all of us, there is a duality of existence which allows for the American Dream to be within our minds. Part of the mind believes in the dream, is swallowed up by its fantasy and perfection, while the other part is the screaming voice†¦show more content†¦We strive to one up our neighbor and fellow man, by showing of our latest possessions that we have attained. Apparently, this game of self-gratification is just what we need to create a personal image that we can believe in, and through that image our sight is tinted in the color green. Gradually we become detached from ourselves, and less and less of our lives are determined by who we are or what we can be, and more and more is determined by how much we can show our wealth. The happiness in slavery continues, and our very essence and souls are given to the soylent green substance that drives us. We torture ourselves, just for a little more pleasure later. From here we are consumed to a point that nothing matters anymore except for the money. Broken shells of real people, it’s only a matter of time before there isn’t enough money and all is lost. Heresy So what created this duality and machine anyway? Which lies had to be told in order to get this plague to fall upon the people? Many of them, unfortunately, can be found rooted in our joke of a religious system. Organized religion is organized mind control. People are told what to believe, and do so blindly out of fear of being wrong and fear of being different. Even those who do have some amount ofShow MoreRelated Destruction of the American Dream in Death of a Salesman Essay1042 Words   |  5 Pagessame dream that says this is a country where anything’s possible. No matter who you are. No matter where you come from.† -- President Obama, Commenting on the American Dream The American Dream is a set of ideals in which freedom includes the opportunity for prosperity and success. It is the belief that, no matter how poor you begin life, you can achieve upward social mobility for your family and children. Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman, crushes the ethos of the American Dream. Miller’sRead More Destruction of the American Dream in Arthur Millers Death of A Salesman834 Words   |  4 PagesDestruction of the American Dream in Arthur Millers Death of A Salesman A white picket fence surrounds the tangible icons of the American Dreams in the middle 1900s: a mortgage, an automobile, a kitchen appliance paid for on the monthly - installment - plan, and a silver trophy representative of high school football triumph. A pathetic tale examining the consequences of mans harmartias, Arthur Millers Death of A Salesman satisfies many, but not all, of the essential elements of a tragedyRead More The Destruction of the American Dream in Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby1802 Words   |  8 PagesGreat Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the main theme is most directly related to the American Dream. The American Dream is based on the idea that any person, no matter who they are, can become successful in life by working hard. The Great Gatsby is about what happened to the American Dream during the 1920s, an era when the dream had been corrupted by the relentless pursuit of wealth. The pursuit of the American Dream is the ultimate cause of the downfall of the mai n character, Jay Gatsby. ThroughoutRead MoreThe Great Gatsby, the Stock-Market Crash and the Destruction of American Dreams1825 Words   |  8 Pagesregret those inspiring words (Hoover). During a time when people were living the American Dream, few were prepared for or expected the stock market crash and the American nightmare that continued through the 1930s. â€Å"The cars from New York are parked five deep in the drive, and already the halls and salons and verandas are gaudy with primary colors and hair shorn in strange new ways, and shawls beyond the dreams of Castile† (Fitzgerald 40). During the 1920s, people enjoyed the carelessness ofRead MoreThe Destruction of Willy Lowmans American Dream in Arthur Millers Death of A Salesman626 Words   |  3 Pagesstubborn attachment to the idea of striking it big. Willys life is ended by his own hands, the result of a broken dream that lead to a broken spirit. In many senses Willy represents the idea of the everyman, the average working class man trying to get ahead, this is reflected in his attachment to the achievement of more wealth, and his idealized vision of how to get there the American dream. However, Willy can be seen to represent more that just the average man, and it can be argued that Willys hamartiaRead MoreThemes Of The American Dream In The Great Gatsby1308 Words   |   6 Pages The American Dream can exist through almost anything, including the disbandment of love. The Great Gatsby written by F. Scott Fitzgerald displays the concept of the American Dream through modern Love. In the novel Fitzgerald creates a main portion of characters, Gatsby, Daisy, Nick, and Tom to act as the symbols of this American Dream. Throughout the story Fitzgerald gives his readers a taste of what the chase of an American Dream is mainly seen as, which in the end did not become successful. FitzgeraldRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby968 Words   |  4 PagesAidan Donaher Mr. Mahoney English 11 Honors Nov 3, 2015 Great Gatsby Paper A life of luxury requires an arduous journey of dedication to achieve it. To embody the American Dream, one must strive to succeed. However, some may go too far in the process, and make irreversible decisions. This dream of copious amounts of wealth causes multiple characters in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s well-known novel The Great Gatsby to perish from selfishness. Based in the roaring twenties, also known as the jazz age, FitzgeraldRead MoreThe Corruption Of The American Dream956 Words   |  4 PagesCorruption of the American Dream F. Scott Fitzgerald portrays the American Dream as a set of goals that included freedom, settlement, and an honest life with the possibility of social and economic success earned through hard work, but was corrupted and degraded by the egotistical materialism of the 1920s. Fitzgerald, in The Great Gatsby, aims to discredit the supposed purity of the American Dream and belief that anyone can attain it through hard work. Instead, he argues that the dream is a delusionRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1566 Words   |  7 Pagesthe American dream.) This represents the idea of the American Dream, where qualities of hard work and ambition are shown. The novel The Fitzgerald embodies many themes; however the most significant one relates to the corruption of the American dream. The American Dream is defined as someone starting low on the economic or social level, and working hard towards prosperity and or wealth and fame. By having money, a car, a big house, nice clothes and a happy family symbolizes the American dream. ThisRead MoreEffects Of The American Dream In The Great Gatsby1306 Words   |  6 Pagesliving the American dream of success, freedom, and happiness if they work hard enough. However, the way to obtain such dream is different for every person. Each individuals social class, beliefs, and views in life determine the way they will achieve the American dream. Sometimes the way a person goes about obtaining their dream does more harm than good. The Great Gatsby is a novel that shows what happened to the American Dream in the 1920’s, which is a day and age when the dream wound up corrupted

Rocket and Evolution Free Essays

History of Rockets Our time there has been an evolution in our history of rockets. It has been one man-kinds greatest invention for thousands of years. Rockets date back to 400 B. We will write a custom essay sample on Rocket and Evolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now C in the city Tarentum from a roman writer named Aulus Gellius as he tells a story of a Greek, named Archytas. Archytas used his invention to amuse and baffle the people by flying a wooden pigeon using steam to propel the bird suspended off wires. Couple three hundred years later after the invention of Archytas flying pigeon another Greek, Hero of Alexandria invented a something similar rocket device called an aeolipile, also using steam as gas to make it rise off the ground. Hero described using the device by mounting a sphere on top of a water kettle, as the fire below the kettle, turned the water into steam, making the gas travel through the pipes to the sphere. On too two L-shaped tubes on opposite sides of the sphere which allowed the gas to escape, and that so gave trust to the sphere causing it to rotate. It is still unclear when the first rockets appeared. There have been stories, of such rocket type inventions from time to time through records of various cultures. Could be that the first true rockets could of came from anywhere. Chinese records have indicated that in the first century A. D, reportedly used gunpowder. To create explosives for religious festivals, using bamboo tubes and adding the gunpowder to make it propel. Later on the Chinese began experimenting with the tubes and attaching them to arrows launching them and making them explode, this making the first rocket. The date reporting the first true use of rockets was in 1232. During this time there was a war between the Chinese and Mongols in the battle of kai-keng, the Chinese repelled the invasion using a bombardment of â€Å"arrows of flying fire† said kai-keng. The rocket was a tube containing gunpowder on one-half, and the other a long stick. As soon as the powder was lighted it launched using the stick as a guidance flying through the air hitting its target. All through the 13th to the 15th centuries there were many reports of rocket experiments all the way through Europe. As in England a monk named Roger Bacon worked on increasing the range of the rockets. In France, Jean Froissart found a technique to make the flight of the rocket by launching those using tubes. Froissart idea was the forerunner of the modern bazooka. Not only were rockets used for weapons of war, but for a firework display. A German fireworks maker, Johann Schmilap inventor of the â€Å"step rocket† it was a rocket designed to go to higher altitudes and showering the sky with sparks. Johann was a true pioneer in the idea of rockets of today that go into outer space. During the latter part of the 17th century, the scientific foundations for modern rocketry were laid the great English scientist sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727). Newton gave his fundamentals on understanding the physical motion of a rocket, into three laws. These laws explain how rockets work and why they are able to work. Newton’s laws were used on the design of rockets. This would lead up to the evolution of rocket engines. A Dutch professor, Willem Gravesande, thought of such an idea by building model cars propelled by jets of steam. Germany and Russia began on working with a 45 kilogram rocket. During that time rockets were so powerful that the flames will make deep holes in the ground as soon as it lifts off. Coming toward the 18th century and 19th century it was more common that rockets were use as war weapons. A British colonel William Congreve, he set a design of rockets that would be the highly successful in battles. Used by British ships to pound Fort McHenry in the War of 1812, which inspired Francis Scott Key to write â€Å"the rockets’ red glare,† words in his poem that later, became The Star- Spangled Banner. By 1898, a Russian school teacher, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935) was one of the first to propose the idea of space exploration by a rocket. In a report published in 1903, hos idea was the use of liquid propellants for rockets in order to get a greater range. Such ideas had to be carefully researched in order for a greater vision. Tsiolkovsky was the father of the modern astronautics. An American Robert H. Goddard (1882-1945) used ideas like Tsiolkovsky in a way of achieving higher altitudes, by 1919; his idea lead a method of reaching extreme altitudes. It was a mathematical analysis of what today we call the meteorological sounding rocket. Goddard continued his experiments, convincing him that a rocket could be propelled better by liquid fuel. Although it was a much more difficult task than building a common solid rocket this liquid fuel rocket consisted of fuel and oxygen tanks, turbines, and combustion chambers that would be needed. In spite of the difficulties, Goddard achieved the first successful flight with a liquid- propellant rocket on March 16, 1926. Goddard’s rocket was the forerunner of a whole new era in rocket flight. His experiments continued for several years becoming bigger and going higher making his achievements to be called the father of modern rocketry. A third great space pioneer, Hermann Oberth (1894-1989) published a book in 1923 about ricket travel into outer space. His Writings were important because of them; many rocket societies sprang up around the world. Such like the society the Verein fut Raumschiffart (Society for space travel), that led to development of the V-2 rocket used for WWII. Rocket like the V-2 Germans designed such a weapon for advanced missiles capable to hit the U. S. but with the fall of Germany, many unused V-2 rockets and components were captured by the Allies. Many German rocket scientists came to the United States. Others went to the Soviet Union. Both the United States and the Soviet Union realized the potential of rocketry as a military weapon and began a variety of experimental program, leading to long-range intercontinental ballistic missiles development like the Redstone, atlas, and titan that would eventually launch astronauts into space. This became the starting point of the U. S space program. On October 4, 1957 man-kind finally achieved to launch an earth-orbiting artificial satellite launched by the Soviet Union. It was called the sputnik I, being successful for the race for space between the two superpower nations. Few months later the United States followed in launching one of its own rockets (explored I) on January 31, 1958, then United States formally organized its space program by creating the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NASA became a civilian agency with the goal of peaceful exploration of space for the benefit of all humankind. Soon, many people and machines were being launched into space. Astronauts orbited Earth and landed on the Moon. Robot spacecraft traveled to the planets. Space was suddenly opened up to exploration and commercial exploitation. Since the earliest days of discovery and experimentation, rockets have evolved from simple gunpowder devices into giant vehicles capable of traveling into outer space. Rockets have opened the universe to direct exploration by humankind. Hero of Alexandria kai-Keng Rockets Sir Isaac NewtonBritish rocket battles Robert H. Goddard Rocket design References http://library. thinkquest. org/J0112188/history_of_rocketry. htm http://inventors. about. com/od/rstartinventions/a/Rockets. htm http://en. m. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_rockets http://www. smithsonianmag. com/ideas-innovations/The-History-of-Rocket-Science-187941951. html? device=android http://www. history. com/this-day-in-history/first-liquid-fueled-rocket http://www. luna-city. com/space/rockets. html How to cite Rocket and Evolution, Essay examples

Act 3 scene 5 is an imperative scene for various reasons Essay Example For Students

Act 3 scene 5 is an imperative scene for various reasons Essay Romeo and Juliets relationship is full of passion and the love they have for each other is vivid to the audience. Continuing on from a magical night together, Romeo must flee to Mantua. Juliet wishes not to part from her love. The two lovers regularly express their feelings and emotions through a poetic language and frequently refer to each other as love. Their meaning of the word love means much more and is used more deeply than how the same word is used today, for instance as dear or darling. For that confident moment their undying love and their hard to believe happiness has no boundaries and are keen to even blissfully welcome death if that is what it takes to always e together, I have more care to stay than will to go, Romeo also feels this way and wishes to stay with his love whereas he has to leave as the prince decreed. Juliet soon understands that Romeo must now go. Their joy and untroubled mood is a huge contrast with whats nest to come, violence, anger and misunderstanding of the concluding scene. After their discussion of Romeo not leaving, he soon becomes scared for his safely and well-being, I must be gone and live, or stay and die, they both soon realise their bliss will not continue because of the harsh circumstances that soon appeared with the dawn of light, with the entrance of the nurse they notice their timer is up and Romeo tries to be optimistic, all these woes shall serve for sweet discourses in our timer to come reassuring Juliet that they will soon be together. Juliet frightfully predicts that in time to come, Romeo will die, me thinks I see thee, now art so low. As one dead in the bottom of a tomb, this hints to the audience that a tragedy is soon to occur. Juliets fears amplify the audiences fear of a catastrophe soon to approach. Lady Capulet wishes for Romeo to be dead, she informs Juliet of her soon to be marriage to Paris. Juliet is stuck in the middle; her love and loyalty to her soul mate, but on the other hand her trust and obedience to her family. In Juliets eyes there is only one way to be free, suicide. Ironically she says, indeed, I never shall be satisfied with Romeo till I behold him dead, this suggests to her mother that she also wishes for Romeo dead while she is really saying her heart is dead because of the separation. Also showing irony as the audience know Romeo is her husband. A lot of the conversation between the mother and daughter has a lot of opposite ides to them but with the same words, Juliet repeats a lot of what her mother said with different meanings. As we have seen earlier in this scene Lady Capulet is eager for vengeance and blood for blood, we will have vengeance for it, fear thou not she wants revenge for Tybalts death and to rid Romeo, the murderer. Lady Capulet means dram, a poison; ironically Romeo will poison himself further on during the play. J uliets relies on the nurse for moral and pragmatic support. Lady Capulet is a status-seeker whose affection for her daughter is kept to a minimum, she speaks to Juliet in a formal manner, and this is a huge contrast in the way Romeo speaks to her, full of compassion. When her plans disperse as a result of Juliets refusal, she ruthlessly, cold-heartedly deserts Juliet in her hour of need and desperation, talk not to me, for Ill not speak a word: do as thou wilt, for I have done with thee, as if she cannot even be bothered with her, she disowns her blood for a marriage against her will. The audience reaction is shocked and disgraced at how her own mother could abandon as if Juliet was nothing to do with her. .ua9c07ee26bd62ca012a2bcdb101e9dc4 , .ua9c07ee26bd62ca012a2bcdb101e9dc4 .postImageUrl , .ua9c07ee26bd62ca012a2bcdb101e9dc4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua9c07ee26bd62ca012a2bcdb101e9dc4 , .ua9c07ee26bd62ca012a2bcdb101e9dc4:hover , .ua9c07ee26bd62ca012a2bcdb101e9dc4:visited , .ua9c07ee26bd62ca012a2bcdb101e9dc4:active { border:0!important; } .ua9c07ee26bd62ca012a2bcdb101e9dc4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua9c07ee26bd62ca012a2bcdb101e9dc4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua9c07ee26bd62ca012a2bcdb101e9dc4:active , .ua9c07ee26bd62ca012a2bcdb101e9dc4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua9c07ee26bd62ca012a2bcdb101e9dc4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua9c07ee26bd62ca012a2bcdb101e9dc4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua9c07ee26bd62ca012a2bcdb101e9dc4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua9c07ee26bd62ca012a2bcdb101e9dc4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua9c07ee26bd62ca012a2bcdb101e9dc4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua9c07ee26bd62ca012a2bcdb101e9dc4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua9c07ee26bd62ca012a2bcdb101e9dc4 .ua9c07ee26bd62ca012a2bcdb101e9dc4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua9c07ee26bd62ca012a2bcdb101e9dc4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Â  What characteristics of Juliet are evident here? EssayCapulet is the patriarch of the family, he truly loves his daughter, this is very much recognised but the audience but he is unable to connect with her and her feelings. He is commonly known as a caring and affectionate father: how now! A conduct girl? What! Still in tears? He tries his best to be a good loving father and to help secure her happiness. He has great difficulty in listening to Juliet and understanding his feelings. An example of irony is that Capulet is wishing for Juliets happiness but actually accomplishing the opposite and contributes to leading her to suicide. A he is unable to fully understanding her he results in physical violence when his respect and propriety is lacking. His language becomes very offensive and shows his feelings and emotions openly and makes sure he has the power and authority, and you be mine, Ill give you to my friend; and you be not, hang, beg, starve, die in the streets. Most of his language uses explosive monosyllables, minion, graze. He threatens her for her disobedient. When Capulet enters this scene, he starts off in a very pleased mood, as soon as lady Capulet says, ay sir, but she will none, she gives you thanks, he instantly reacts and the mood changes. He explodes into a violent rage and curses Juliet disobedient wretch! And young baggage, and threatens to disinherit her if she does not obey. He carries on verbally and physically abusing her whilst saying, Speak not, reply not, and do not answer me! Dissimilarity to Lady Capulet very formal way of speaking, as we can see Capulet speaks with a lot of slang and colloquialisms. All hope of Juliets father understanding has gone. Lady Capulet at this point tries to relieve Juliet from her husband, fie, fie! What are you mad?, preventing her daughter from becoming seriously injured which shows a sign of affection compared to the rest of the scene, but Capulet doesnt let any one stand in his way. This creates great sympathy for Juliet. Through out the play the nurse shows a lot of affection for Juliet. She plays more of a mother figure to her. The nurse had been within the Capulet household for at least 14years, all of Juliets life. As Juliet grows up, she still plays an important role in her life. The nurse also had a daughter, born the same day as Juliet, but sadly she dies leaving the nurse very distraught. As a result of the incident she considers Juliet like her own. In the argument between Juliet and her father, she risked her position to help and support Juliet, God in heaven bless her! You are to lame, my lord, to rate her Unfortunately although the nurse is very affectionate, she misunderstands Juliets true love to Romeo and advises her to enter into an illegal marriage with Paris, Juliet is disgusted: ancient damnation, o most wicked fiend! It is more sin to wish me thus forsworn. When the nurse enters she warns the pair of lady Capulet coming, if it wasnt for the nurse, Lady Capulet would have probably found Romeo, resulting in a different ending. Now that Juliet has been abandoned by her parents the nurse is her last resort, she wants comfort. She uses the word 3 times, but what she wants she doesnt get, well, thou hast comforted me marvellous much, this is ironic as she is saying Romeo will not come back and Paris is much better all-round. The nurse also misunderstands her and advises her to forget Romeo her true love completely, I think it best you married the county. O! Hes a lovely gentleman; Romeos a dishclout to him this is where the nurses affection starts to fade and puts herself before Juliet and what matters truly. Juliet is disgusted and astonished with this and results in causing Juliet to look elsewhere for help and loses her confidence and trust. Now Juliet can see that there is only one way out, death, if all else fail, myself have power to di e, she feels as if there is now no-one on her side, she is alone, with only the thoughts of her love to keep her going. She is isolated. At the end of this scene, Juliet says she will no longer trust the nurse. .u5aa6beeb62318d2282e1018b254138fc , .u5aa6beeb62318d2282e1018b254138fc .postImageUrl , .u5aa6beeb62318d2282e1018b254138fc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5aa6beeb62318d2282e1018b254138fc , .u5aa6beeb62318d2282e1018b254138fc:hover , .u5aa6beeb62318d2282e1018b254138fc:visited , .u5aa6beeb62318d2282e1018b254138fc:active { border:0!important; } .u5aa6beeb62318d2282e1018b254138fc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5aa6beeb62318d2282e1018b254138fc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5aa6beeb62318d2282e1018b254138fc:active , .u5aa6beeb62318d2282e1018b254138fc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5aa6beeb62318d2282e1018b254138fc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5aa6beeb62318d2282e1018b254138fc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5aa6beeb62318d2282e1018b254138fc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5aa6beeb62318d2282e1018b254138fc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5aa6beeb62318d2282e1018b254138fc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5aa6beeb62318d2282e1018b254138fc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5aa6beeb62318d2282e1018b254138fc .u5aa6beeb62318d2282e1018b254138fc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5aa6beeb62318d2282e1018b254138fc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Wild Horses EssayJuliet now alone, she is a tragic idol alone with her destiny. When her mother tells her not to mourn so much for Tybalts death, she silently desires to poison and assassinate Romeo which is ironic because Romeo commits suicide by poisoning himself. Through this she will accomplish revenge and satisfaction, still not seeing the real story. Although Juliets love for Romeo is true, she secretly desires him dead to put an end to his sufferings. When Juliet disagrees and refuses the arranged marriage with Paris, Capulet becomes violent and angry at her disobedience. He commits verbal abuse and threatens to disown his daughter so he can feel the power and authority as he knows he should feel. Without the feeling of being in control and authoritative he is destroyed. He does this to his daughter because he feels betrayed and hurt, as if his daughter is not his daughter, she has no respect when the real story is shes in love with some-one else but through his lack of misunderstanding he is unable to sense this. She turns toward her mother who leaves he r coldly as she doesnt care for her daughter, she is only out to look after herself and make sure her reputation is up to standards. After trying to receive comfort form the only person who she feels close to advises her to marry Paris, disregarding everything she knows and understands; Juliet is outraged. The nurse had also turned her back and is again thinking of herself and to get her out of being found out or losing her position with in the house hold. Juliet now turns to Friar Laurence and considers death. She finally finds someone help her through her desperate times, and someone her begins to understand her love for Romeo. A contemporary audience would begin to sympathise with Juliet and also begin to understand what she is feeling through the language and speech. Her feelings are transferred to the audience, who now feel the same loneliness and heart-break as she does. Whereas a Shakespearean audience would feel no sorrow towards Juliet and act as though she deserves it, they would support Capulet in his decisions and would disagree with the lovers affair.

Consider this statement in relation to the Buddha of Suburbia Essay Example

Consider this statement in relation to the Buddha of Suburbia Paper Her identity is understood by religion; the church and bible, Jayne Ayre, school life and of course her mother. Presented by Winterson as an almost tyrannical figure due to her viewpoints, and that of Wintersons with society. Her problems with identity and the seeking of acceptance have been manipulated into her narrative of Oranges letting us see in medias res through the eyes of Jeanette and her world. In Hanif Kureishis The Buddha of Suburbia, Karim, the protagonist, defines himself as having emerged from two old histories (6). Thus Kureishi immediately presents Karims Identity as a hybrid of two dominant cultures, that of India and Britain. Like Winterson, Kureishi loosely bases the novel around personal experiences exploring both his cultural as well as sexual identity, in a struggle to ind and build his own. Racially hybrid himself, Kureishi is rapt by figures who destabilise supposedly pure categories. Since gay men and lesbians traditionally have been despised by conservatives precisely because they are seen to blur prescribed boundaries of gender difference, Kureishi sets out to further blur these boundaries with ambiguous apolitical Karim, who enjoys having sex with both men and women, but he does not identify himself as a bisexual any more than he does as an Englishman or a Paki. We will write a custom essay sample on Consider this statement in relation to the Buddha of Suburbia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Consider this statement in relation to the Buddha of Suburbia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Consider this statement in relation to the Buddha of Suburbia specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Karim, and Haroon, his Indian father, seek purpose and meaning centrality in their move from the suburbs to central London, from the geographical but also social periphery to the centre. Regardless of their zealousness , their ethnicity is a literal reminder of difference and that they will have to work unjustly hard to belong in their new city center surroundings . Kureishi depicts both father and sons feelings of alienation, longing to belong and feeling it not only would enhance but is essential for their identity in Britain. trying to be more of an Englishman (7), resulted in vein for Karim and his father until Haroon discovers that by playing up to his Indian origin, becoming a caricature of himself and stereotyping himself to English peoples preconceived ideas concerning his Indian identity becomes much more rapid route to success. Karim hopes the city centre will enable him to shape and improve on his identity, thus giving meaning to his life; moreover, the discovery of constant reminders of his hybridism and difference show that a pure English identity is not something he is at liberty to have, it is not who he is. Karims history depicts that he is neither purely Indian nor purely British and instead of trying to be one or the other he must embrace being hybrid and form his personal identity as an individual around that. they never let him forget they thought him a nigger, a slave, a lower being. And we pursued English roses as we pursued England; by possessing these prizes, this kindness and beauty, we stared defiantly into the eye of the Empire and all its self-regard [ ]. We became part of England and yet proudly stood outside it. (8) Like his father Karim can only become part of the centre by caricaturing himself, and promoting his indian-ness while he believes the success of Charlie is due to his selling Englishness . Whilst acting, he is requested to play ethnic roles, and put on a broad Indian accent, to be authentically Indian even if he has never been to India; Shadwell reminds him that he has been cast for authenticity and not for experience(9). It is roles such as these that aid Karim to embrace both parts of his cultures. As John Clement Ball states, Father and son both become faux-Indians, successfully marketing back to the English warmed-over versions of their own popular appropriations of Indian culture (10). Haroon and Karim are identified by a constant representation of their culture and conform to these pre conceived ideas in order to achieve success. Furthermore as the English had a pre conceived idea of Karim and his father, Haroon was surprised that English reality was not how he had envisioned it. His impression of the British national identity was much more glorified than its reality Hed never seen the English in poverty, as road sweepers, dustmen, shopkeepers and barmen. Hed never seen an Englishman stuffing bread into his mouth with his fingers, and no one has told him that the English didnt wash regularly because the water was cold if they had water at all. And when Dad tried to discuss Byron in local pubs no one warned him that no every Englishman could read (11) Much of Karims story is about identification, specifically being an Englishman born and bred, almost (12). Caught between belonging and not, between his Indian heritage and desire to assimilate into British society, Karim invariably negotiates his hybrid identity (13); but his character seems to posit that there is a space for both identities as did Jeanette in Wintersons Oranges. He accepts much of his Indianness but also appropriates the qualities of British teenagers, revelling in dominant London fashions. Like his ethnic identification, Karims sexual identity is also ambigious. Karim claims that he has no preference to gender and will sleep with anyone, male or female. His first really defining sexual experience is with Charlie. Karims fluid sexuality positions him in a luminal role namely because he does not claim a homosexual/heterosexual identity nor an Indian/British identity exclusively; thus, he is consistently forced to negotiate between such binaries. Karim becomes involved in an increasingly accelerating social circle, associating with the arts community and participating in theatre, he begins a sexual relationship with Eleanor, an actor whom Karim truly loves describing their relationship, saying, Id never had such a strong emotional and physical feeling before (14). For the first time, sex gains an emotional component, a marked difference from his prior sexual relationships. Success begins to appear on Karims horizon, treating his family to dinner and stating I began to enjoy my own generosity. . . I felt the pleasure of pleasing others (15). Although, this pleasure is fuelled by materialism and money, Karim begins his transmogrification from a totally self-involved space to a place of awareness and caring for others. Thus his former identity is shown evolving into yet another hybrid, the old and the new. Witerson and Kureishi present us with narratives of bildungsroman adolescents struggling to keep up with their renewing identity through interaction with one another and their surroundings. Both deal with the deviance of sexual identity and difference.Through both arise issues of religious conflict and struggle. References 1. Winterson, Jeanette, Oranges are not the only fruit, Pandora 1985 2. Winterson, Jeanette, Oranges are not the only fruit, Pandora 1985 pg 165 3. Winterson, Jeanette, Oranges are not the only fruit, Pandora 1985 4. As above 5. Woolf, Viginia, Mrs Dalloway, Wordsworth Editions Ltd; New Ed edition (Aug 1996) 6. Kureishi, Hanif, Buddah of suburbia, Penguin Books 1991, p3 7. Kureishi, Hanif, Buddah of suburbia, Penguin Books 1991,p21 8. As above p227 9. As Above p147. 10. Ball, John Clement, The semi-detached metropolis: Hanif Kureishis London, ariel 1996 p20 11. Kureishi, Hanif, Buddah of suburbia, Penguin Books 1991 p24-25 12 13 Kureishi, Hanif, Buddah of suburbia, Penguin Books 1991 p3 14. As above p187 15. As above p283. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. http://www. spiralnature. com/magick/chaos/chaoticidentity. html Ball, John Clement. The Semi-Detached Metropolis: Hanif Kureishis London. ARIEL: A Review of International English Literature. Vol 27, No 4 (October 1996): 7-27.

Post Civil War Racism essays

Post Civil War Racism essays The conclusion of the Civil War in favor of the north was supposed to mean an end to slavery and equal rights for the former slaves. Although laws and amendments were passed to uphold this assumption, the United States Government fell short. The thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendments were proposed and passed within five years of the Civil Wars conclusion. These amendments were to create equality throughout the United States, especially in the south where slavery had been most abundant. Making equality a realization would not be an easy task. This is because many problems were not perceived before and during the war. The reunification of the country would prove to be harder than expected, and entry into a new lifestyle would be difficult for both the freedmen and their former oppressors. The thirteenth amendment clearly prohibits slavery in the United States. All slaves were to be freed immediately when this amendment was declared ratified in December of 1865, but what were they to do? Generations of African-Americans had been enslaved in America, and those who had lived their whole lives in slavery had little knowledge of the outside world. This lack of knowledge would not be helpful in trying to find work once they were released. Plantation owners with a lack of workforce were eager to offer extremely low pay to their former slaves. In addition, the work force of the plantation would often live in the same quarters they did while enslaved. These living conditions showed little change from the living conditions African-Americans had faced while enslaved. While the former slaves lived on the ideal that they were now free, the fifteenth amendment was under heavy fire. Those who felt threatened by the massive amount of African-Americans who would now be participating in the government criticized this Amendment, which allowed all male citizens the right to vote regardless of race. Ex-Confederates, many of...

Cancer

In 1936 the British created a military school in Egypt and I was among the first of its students. When I graduated from the academy I received a government post where I met Gamal Abdel Nasser who would one day rule Egypt. The pair bonded and formed a revolutionary group designed to overthrow British rule and expel the British from Egypt. Before the group could succeed the British arrested me but I escaped two years later In 1946 1 was again arrested this time after being implicated in the assassination of pro-British minister Amin Othman. Imprisoned until 1948 when he as acquitted upon release I Joined Nassers Free Officers organization and was involved in the groups armed uprising against the Egyptian monarchy in 1952. Four years later I supported Nassers rise to the presidency. I held several high offices in Nassers administration eventually becoming vice president of Egypt. Nasser died on September 28, 1970 and I became acting president winning the position for good in a nationwide vote on October 15, 1970. I immediately set about separating myself from Nasser in both domestic and foreign policies. Domestically I initiated the open-door policy known as infltah an economic program designed to attract foreign trade and investment. While the idea was progressive the move created high inflation and a large gap between the rich and poor thereby fostering unease and contributing to the food riots of January 1977. Where I really made an impact was on foreign policy as I began peace talks with which proposed that peace could come if Israel returned the Sinai Peninsula and I and Syria built a military coalition to retake the territory This action ignited the October War from which I emerged with added respect in the Arab community A few years after the Yom Kippur War I restarted my efforts to build peace in the Middle East traveling to Jerusalem in November 1977 and presenting his peace plan to the Israel parliament. Thus began a series of diplomatic effort swith I was making overtures to Israel in the face of strong Arab resistance across the region. United States President Jimmy Carter brokered the negotiations between I and Israel Prime Minister Menachem Begin and a preliminary peace agreement the Camp David Accords was agreed upon between Egypt and Israel in September 1978. For their historic efforts I and Begin were awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1978 and follow through on the negotiations resulted in a finalized peace treaty between Egypt and Israel the first between Israel and an Arab country being signed on March 26, 1979. unfortunately my popularity abroad was matched by a new animosity felt toward me in Egypt and around the Arab world. Opposition to the treaty a declining Egyptian economy and my quashing of the resulting dissent led to general upheaval. on October 6, 1981.

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Education - Essay Example This exercise takes five minutes. At 9:28, Mrs. Ted asks the front-benchers to recollect the papers and at 9: 29, the papers are again on her desk. In the last minute, she asks every front-bencher to make a list of the numbers of their respective rows and give the list to her. Its 9:20 and only ten minutes are left to the end of the first period. Mrs. Brown asks all students to submit their papers to her. All children get up at once and rush towards the teacher’s desk. They make a rough pile of assignments on her table. Papers are piled up haphazardly and the order of rows is not followed. Children take about four minutes to do this activity. At 9:24, Mrs. Brown arranges the papers and counts them. She then compares the number of papers with the attendance sheet. At 9:30, she leaves the class with the pile of assignments in her hand. She will check the papers at home and will return to the class the following

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 20

Case study - Essay Example A happy workforce is better equipped to contribute constructively to the shared goals of the organization for higher work performance as psychological well-being is associated with the psychological well-being of the employees (Cropanzano & Wright, 2001). Dowling, Festing & Engle (2008, p.120) assert that each worker is unique with feelings, emotions, expectations and frames of references that is distinct to him/her. Consequently, individuals or employees require constant reassessment, evaluation and capacity building within the work context in order to meet the new challenges of time. Scholars reveal that within work environment, workers experience different physical, social and psychological influences that impact their work place behavior and subsequently their performance. The issues have to be addressed with innovative approach that considerably enhances their work satisfaction. Case study of Stockington branch of Superbrand, a leading retail organization of UK is undertaken to analyze factors that influence employees’ behavior. It is one of the leading chains of supermarket in UK with focus on food items. It has more than 1000 medium and large supermarkets and around 450 convenience stores. It has a wide range of products ranging from exclusive to low cost products to meet the requirements of different demographic segments. It is renowned for excellent customer service and quality products. The Stockington branch is facing some difficulties for the last nine to twelve months. A new supermarket in the town has put pressure on the sale. Currently it has employed 31 managers supervising 500 strong workforce including permanent, part-time and temporary workers to meet the demands of fluctuating numbers of customers. It has weekly turnover of  £1m. The branch has 6 departments with checkouts department having maximum numbers of employees, high absenteeism and lowest satisfaction level. Grocery department

Financial analysis Essay Example for Free

Financial analysis Essay The Back Yard Burgers has 183 restaurants – 44 company-operated and 139 franchisees as on June 30, 2007. The sales figures indicate total revenue of $12,610,000 as compared to last year sales figure of $11,695,000. Restaurant sales accounted for $10,688,000 that is a 10. 3% increase from last year figures of $9,686,000. Out of this 10. 3% increase of revenue, 6. 8% is attributed to the addition of two new company-operated restaurants till Jun 30, 2007 since July 1, 2006. The remaining 3. 5% increase in the revenue from restaurant sales is from the existing restaurants. Thirteen Weeks Ended June 30, July 1, 2007 2006 Revenues: Restaurant sales $ 10,688 $ 9,686 Franchise and area development fees 84 204 Royalty fees 1,265 1,245 Advertising fees 318 314 Other 255 246 Total revenues 12,610 11,695 Expenses: Cost of restaurant sales 3,502 3,120 Restaurant operating expenses 5,040 4,646 General and administrative 2,259 1,634 Advertising 814 668 Depreciation 544 543 Other operating (income)/expense — — Total expenses 12,159 10,611 Operating income 451 1,084 Interest income 29 16. Interest expense (193 ) (198 ) Other, net (28 ) (24 ) Income before income taxes 259 878 Income taxes 50 302 Net income $ 209 $ 576 Statement of income for the period July 1, 2006 to June 30, 2007 The statement of income shows a net income of $209,000 only for the current year as compared to $576,000 in the previous year. An increase in the general and administrative expenses and increased advertising expenditure accounts for the lower net income of the company. The annual turnover of the company in the year 2006 was $44,710,000 as compared to $41,000,000 in the year 2005. The company reported a 9% annual growth in sales. Key financial data of Back Yard Burgers (In millions of USD) Income Statement Quarterly (Jun 07) Annual (2006) Annual (2005) Total Revenue 12. 61 44. 71 41. 00 Gross Profit 3. 81 13. 67 12. 29 Operating Income 0. 45 2. 18 0. 42 Net Income 0. 21 0. 88 -0. 04 Balance Sheet Total Current Assets 7. 19 7. 08 5. 32 Total Assets 32. 94 33. 41 31. 64 Total Current Liabilities 5. 24 5. 79 4. 01 Total Liabilities 15. 24 16. 11 16. 34 Total Equity 17. 70 17. 30 15. 30 Cash Flow Net Income/Starting Line 0. 21 0. 88 -0. 04 Cash from Operating 0. 40 4. 05 3. 33 Cash from Investing -0. 16 -1. 85 -7. 83 Cash from Financing -0. 25 -0. 36 5. 78 Net Change in Cash -0. 01 1. 84 1. 28 The above table gives in insight into the company’s current financial position. The operating profit in the year 2006 was $2. 2 million compared to an operating profit of $0. 4 million in the previous year. The net profit was $0. 9 million in the year 2006 as compared to a net loss of $0. 04 million in the year 2005. The company reported a net profit margin of 1. 96% in the year 2006 as compared to 1. 28% in the previous year. The operating margin of the company also increased from 3. 56% to 4. 87%. The financial ratios for the current period is provided in the table below: Key Stats Ratios Quarterly (Jun 07) Annual (2006) Annual (TTM) Net Profit Margin 1. 66% 1. 96% 1. 28% Operating Margin 3. 58% 4. 87% 3. 56% EBITD Margin 9. 77% 8. 34% Return on Average Assets 2. 53% 2. 69% 1. 80% Return on Average Equity 4. 77% 5. 37% 3. 44% The company has seen a decreasing profit over the past few years. The analysis of the various factors that account for success in the fast food industry in this paper has highlighted the reasons responsible for the decreasing profit.

The Machiavellian Element in Shakespeares Julius Caesar Essay

Machiavelli's Moral and social philosophy, as expressed in the prince, and the way this is related to in the political philosophy, style, and actions of Julius Caesar of Shakespeare's play For the reason that philosophy including all other branches of knowledge, from head to toe, is meant for the welfare and wellbeing of mankind thus the sacred branch of knowledge such as philosophy is all about discovering and investigating the hidden for the further wellbeing of mankind instead of putting the same human beings into the hands of totally inhuman structure based on Machiavelli's moral and social philosophy. I would rather call Machiavelli's moral and social philosophy as mere tactics of treating human being worse than live-stock. If people are still firm on calling Machiavelli’s recommended tactics as philosophy then, better to say, at the end of the day we will end up with egg on our face. Frankly speaking, a rather illogical viewpoint as given by Machiavelli can not be called as philosophy at any cost. Historically, Machiavelli was an Italian political theorist whose book The Prince (1513) describes the achievement and maintenance of power by a determined ruler indifferent to moral considerations. Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527), Italian author and statesman, is one of the outstanding figures of the Renaissance, b. Florence. Machiavelli's best-known work, Il principe [the prince] (1532), describes the means by which a prince may gain and maintain his power. His â€Å"ideal† prince (seemingly modeled on Cesare Borgia) is an amoral and calculating tyrant who would be able to establish a unified Italian state. The last chapter of the work pleads for the eventual liberation of Italy from foreign rule. Interpretations of The Prince... ... Machiavelli, Niccolà ³. 1560; facs. 1969. The Arte of Warre. Trans. Peter Whitehorne. Amsterdam and New York: Da Capo. Shakespeare's Machiavelli, August 5, 2003, http://web.uvic.ca/shakespeare/Library/SLT/ideas/machiavelli2.html "About Machiavelli" Section, August 5, 2003, http://www.niccolo-machiavelli.com/about.html Machiavels, August 5, 2003 http://www.shakespeare.com/queries/display.php?id=3355 "The Qualities of the Prince" by Ron King, August 5, 2003, http://www.geometry.net/detail/philosophers/machiavelli_nicolo.html Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, Review by Edward Tanguay November 15, 1996 http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~tanguay/book50.htm Niccolo Machiavelli, August 5, 2003, http://www.smuc.ac.uk/English/en251/en251_5.htm Concerning Liberality And Meanness, August 5, 2003, http://www.geocities.com/vitomonti2002/juliuscaesar4.html

Local Literature Essay

According to Manila Bulletin (Tariella, 2014) entitled â€Å"Rural Tourism and Community Development†, it states that rural areas are becoming popular destinations because of cuisine. Most of the tourists look for attraction, activities such as festivals in different rural areas, authentic rural cuisine, and amenities of the area. This is the way to promote the Culinary Tour here in our country. Many of the residents in rural areas also have their own local unique food which visitors would like to take part or even learn cooking. There is need to appreciate the recreational activities, food, and souvenir items. In other words, â€Å"to develop applicable tourism package, the whole community must involve, the benefits well distributed to all its colleagues to ensure sustained participation and cooperation†. This is the essence of community-based rural tourism and it’s able to uplift the community. According to AIM Center for Tourism (Dr. Tan, 2014) entitled â€Å"Propelling Filipino Cuisine to the World Stage†, it is stated there that the increasing popularity of food tourism in the Philippines makes the travelers visit the country not only to see the different heritage sites and natural scenery but also to experience the authenticity of flavors of Filipino food has to offer. Travelers often associate destinations with local cuisine. Since culinary tourism develops opportunities for our local cuisine, Filipinos must patronize it. According to the website of â€Å"Its more fun in the Philippines† (www.itsmorefuninthephilippines.com) (Buenavente, 2009) entitled â€Å"Kulinarya Food Trips†, the Philippine cuisine is one of the country’s best –kept secret which is not yet known in different parts of the world. The Department of Tourism (DOT) under the management of Sec. Joseph Ace Durano lately launched Culinary Tourism as Kulinarya Filipina as part of Cultural Tourism Program. This program introduces the Philippine authentic flavors to promote the country as a culinary destination. The Department wanted to promote the culinary tours to other well-known culinary centers of our country such as Manila, Ilocos Region, Pampanga, Bulacan, Iloilo, Negros and Davao. According to Philippine Daily Inquirer (De Lara, 2015) entitled â€Å"We have everything in the North†, it states that Northern has a lot to offer- historical scenery, natural scenery- beaches and the terrific rural cuisines. Other than natural destinations and exciting activities in the north provinces, it is also known in delicious authentic cuisine. The north has Pampanga as the culinary capital and Ilocos has their famous bagnet and all those delicious authentic delicacies. According to Sun Star (Flora, 2015), it states that in the city of San Fernando in Pampanga, its provincial government decided to launch the first ever Great Alualu Festival on April 17. Its purpose is to declare â€Å"alualu† or the native term in Pampanga for the popular dessert of Filipinos, â€Å"halo-halo†. The highlight of this festival plays the important role in creating the authentic Kapampangan Cuisine to be known outside in its province and also all over the world. According to Sun Star (Pacete, 2015), it stated that one of the provinces of Region 18, Negros, bringing up and promoting the tourism potential of this province for local and foreign tourists. To appoint Pinoy travelers to discover the hidden gems of the Philippine tourism—sights, cuisine, activities, places, people and culture. The Culinary Historians of the Philippines (CHOP) visit the roaming food vendors selling their delicacies in â€Å"nigo† (flat basket) to observe the actual buying and selling of â€Å"batuan†- a local berry used as souring agent in soup, â€Å"kalkag†- dried tiny shrimps, â€Å"lamayo†- sun dried fish, and fresh sugarcane juice. According to Business World Online (Carillo, 2015), it stated that the city’s culinary scene than the fresh durian sold in the streets and all its processed versions in local shops—cakes, pastries, candies, ice cream, and even coffee. By elevating the culinary scene in Davao, held a competition categorized the Filipino Cuisine challenge. Food Tour in Davao. The local government‘s tourism office, with the help of private tourism stakeholders, the heritage tour and food tour will combined and the program is now a part of tourism packages for the visitors.

Lucian freud and the visual arts Essay

Lucian Freud was born in 1922, in Berlin Germany. He was a British Painter and a grandson to Sigmund Freud. He studied In London at the central school of art and also at Morris’s East Anglican school, where he studied painting and drawing. He later attended the University of London (Goldsmiths College), and later worked with Seaman in 1941, as a merchant. The painters room was first to feature in 1944, in his first exhibitions of painting. The essay is focusing on the authenticity of Lucian Freud in his work, and his reflections during the modernism and post modernism times. The paintings of Freud were associated with surrealism, and he worked on depicting people and animals in juxtapositions which were very unusual. He initially started the paintings using thin paints but as time went by, he began paintings of portraits in 1956, using thicker paints. He was using thicker impasto to produce nudes, on top everything else he did. His colors were then muted, and he started by cleaning his brush after every stroke, and his work was usually composed of portraits of sitters who were sprawled, sometimes on the floor naked, but he often juxtaposed that with other paintings. Some of the portrays he used included; a â€Å"naked man with a rat,† or even â€Å"a girl with a white dog. † His main subjects can be said to have been his family relatives, friends, his fellow painters, children, and even his lovers. He was quoted saying, â€Å"The subject matter is autobiographical, it is all to do with hope and memory and sensuality and involvement, really. † (Lucian F. 1989, P 18) Lucian was believed to have been a member of the â€Å"realism, expressionism, and surrealism movement,† where by the artists had a tendency of distorting the reality, and instead producing an emotional effect, and calling it a subjective form of art. Expressionism was exhibited in literature, painting, music, architecture, theater, and even in film. Painters of the time were then called expressionists, because of their twentieth century paintings. Freud painted a number of his fellow artists including, Francis Bacon, and went on to produce portraits of series which comprised of performances of artists Henrieta Moraes and Leigh Bowery. His interest on people was justified when he said that, â€Å"i paint people not because of what they are like, not exactly in spite of what they are like, but how they happen to be. † His paintings were characterized by elements of Surrealist and things favoring the realistic approach of portraits of nude. Freud was known to be among the famous artists of British CAEK, for he was working in a traditional style of representation. This led him to winning the turner Prize, back in the year 1989. (Reynolds J. 1971, p 69- 97) Freud was believed to be authentic in his work, because his prolific collection followed the daily life existence exploration. His paintings showed that observing ordinary events acutely can produce significant art, just as Edward Hopper used to do. In a different perspective he creates an uneasy atmosphere. The argument behind his work is that, he does it with an intention of making us aware of our fatness, our mortality, our sexuality, thinness, which are all elements of people’s nakedness. The ambition he had in his work can be attributed to his words that, â€Å"i would wish my art to appear factual, not literal. I remember everything I have done because it was done with difficulty. † His style of work portrays realism and realness. Looking at his picture of a â€Å"cramped, tired, alternately sagging and tense flesh and bones,† makes one sympathize with themselves as they figure out their own bodies, for they can sense their own physicality. Lucian therefore tries to penetrate the psychological depths in the way he depicts the nudes. He conveys personality in a great force by empowering the flesh. This makes his work grotesque and realistic, as opposed to Ingres’s works which are always perverse and stylish. The relevance in his paintings can be found at a closer look of things. (Michael W. 1989, P 323) His arbitrary way of displaying the nudes in poses which are odd reinforces their expressiveness. According to Freud, the body is physical and psychologically suggestive, and that is why he produces paintings of naked people, though by doing so does not mean revealing all its secrets. His focus was that, a painter must always defeat â€Å"the sitter’s power of censorship† through making her or him uncomfortable. The result then becomes expressive for there is an aggressive flow and libido between the painter and the sitter, which helps in revealing the â€Å"human† existence of both parties. The portraits of Freud always show the same thing, and his only obsession and feeling of all what human is. What the sitters imply and what he must reveal becomes the distinction of life and death, and also the conscious and unconscious. He does this by his alternations in his paintings, some with eyes opened and the next with eyes closed, and does arrange their bodies in different postures, some in edges to show danger and risk. For instance he produced a painting of his mother with her eyes open and alert, which contradicted her posture of her body which was static and rigid which portrayed that she was aware of some coming death, for she appears to be half dead. All Freud’s bodies show still lives and also show that it is possible to become authentic even when an anxiety seems to undermine their authentic nature. (Benjamin, Harry, Hannah, 1986, p 71) According to Freud, realism comes through a quasi-psychoanalytic purpose. His realism came as a result of identification, unconscious and conscious ways, and most importantly from his grandfather Sigmund Freud. Freud wants to represent trauma and the reality behind it, because it was something he had experienced personally, when he saw homes and families being burnt to death. Freud’s archive had become very useful in modern era, because it was a source of information to many, through the way information was collected, recovered and stored. It thus became a key reference to fields like anthropology, recent art, critical theory and also history. Testimonies of events like the Second World War gave rise to post-modernism and post-colonial eras, which evoked a reconsideration of the archive, which had become a subject on its own, rather than the usual transparent record. Some of the paintings of Freud included the following: (Lucian F. 1989, p 19) Girl with a white dog. 1951 John Minton, 1952 Large interior W11 (after Watteau) 1981 Reflection of self portrait. 1985. Modernism is the way of reforming the cultural movements, in architecture, art, music, literature, and even the applied arts. It was a period between 1884 and 1914, and covered happenings in political issues, artistic movements, as well as cultural movements rooted in the western way of life. It was a time when artists like Freud had to improve their arts, create or reshape their environment, laying their basis in scientific changes as well as in technology. It was an era which led to examination of every aspect of existence, with an aim of finding what was holding back progress in the society, and hence replaces it with what was believed to be new in order to arrive at the same end through an easier way. Modernism came as a result of the nineteenth century both in academic and historic traditions. They believed that the practices of the time were outdated and had to adopt the modern ways of life in such an industrialized world. Some people said this gave birth to post modernism, while according to others it was the same movement. There were several arguments that the values of the society and those of the individual were not different, rather the society was just being â€Å"antithetical† to any progress, hence it had to adopt new ways to make it move forward. (Danto A. 2000, P 65) The theories of Sigmund Freud and Ernst Mach had a great influence on this wave. They argued that the mind had to have a basic fundamental structure starting from the 1880s. According to Freud it had a basic subjective experience, and was supposed to play with the instincts and basic drives coming the way and through which the world was supposed to be perceived. Ernst on the other hand developed the theory of positivism, which argued that the elements of nature were to be seen through mental shorthand and were not guaranteed. This brought about the difference between the past and the present, because the past allowed the reality to impress itself for it was dependent on an individual. Modernism defined various arts in various manners which were radical. The First World War brought about a lot of tension in the social order and the artistic movements due to the radical parties which had come by and strongly rejected the previous practice. A good example was the Russian movement in 1905. People were now moving beyond realism in art and literature as well as altering the tone in music, in the name of moving to modernism. (Reynolds J. 1971, p 101) A new phase of modernism came over between 1930 and 1945, which saw increasing urbanization and popular culture. People had to look at modernism as the source of the new ideas for development. Lucian and his fellow artists had to work in modernist’s style and on and on to the 21st century. He now adopted the color field painting and abstract way of expressing himself. Fields of art which had acquired continual change included: lyrical abstraction, geometric abstraction, process art, abstract illusion, pop art and music, post minimalism, minimalism, and color field painting. Modernists believed that rejecting tradition would lead to the discovery of the new ways of making art. Then came the wave of post modernism, which was a term used to show some contradiction to modernism’s art. It came with its aftermath and movements like, conceptual art, installation art, inter media, and multimedia. Artists had to adopt traits like, appropriation, simplification, collage, and bricolage in performing art. Artists had to produce contemporary art, though not all contemporary art was believed to be post modernism’s art. (Lucian F. 1987, P20) The idea of post modernism came after the disillusionment in the Second World War, but not all artists supported the post-modernism work or theories. Like other artists Freud had to adopt the traditional techniques of portraying their art. However it lacked the central hierarchy of expressing and organizing principles. The post modernism art had the following characteristics: it had contradiction, ambiguity, complexity, diversity and interconnectedness. Post modernism was closely related to post structuralism. Looking at Lucian’s work in post modernism, it had different effects. For instance; his image of late Leigh Bowery â€Å"perched on a table, his body extending, tapers, reaching up to a sky light, awkward in its pose, full frontal nudity,† is hard to tell what the painter was waging. Freud had adopted new ways in costumes, prosthetics, cosmetics and not nakedness. His art had decency in the artistic transgression but lacked decorum. Effect of paintings had to be derived from the perspective, scale, and the trackings of the Freud’s brush. (Michael W. , 1989, p 323) Lucian’s art was actually significant, because of his artistic nature of representing objects. He actually moved and progressed with the modern changes which took place since the First World War to the Second World War, and even in post modernism era. He was very creative in his art, and had a typical way of producing paintings of the people who were close to him in life. He succeeded well in distorting reality to produce some emotional effects. He enjoyed contradiction, which was typical in his art. He produced juxtaposed images, which drew a lot of attention. His art aimed at familiarity both psychologically and formally. His intimacy was good to cherish, as much as it destroyed and distracted objects. He succeeded in his art and always argued that paint could work as flesh. LIST OF REFERENCES. Benjamin Waiter, Harry Zohn, Hannah Arrendt, (1982) Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction; in Illuminations. New York: Schocken books. ISBN 0064301249 Danto, Arthur C. (2000) â€Å"The art world† Essay pub. ISBN 0520230027 Reynolds Joshua, (1971) seven discourses, 1778 menston, scolar press. ISBN 0854175466 Michael Woods: (1989) Art of the Western world, summit books. ISBN 0671670077 Lucian Freud, (1987) Quoted in Robert Hughes, Lucian Freud: paintings, New York: Thames and Hudson.

Sales and Selling Prestige Watch Omega Watch Hong Kong Essays

Sales and Selling Prestige Watch Omega Watch Hong Kong Essays Sales and Selling Prestige Watch Omega Watch Hong Kong Paper Sales and Selling Prestige Watch Omega Watch Hong Kong Paper Sales and selling strategy analysis: Prestige Watch – Omega Watch Hong Kong Introduction Over the past decades, wearing prestige watch has been a sign of being successful and wealthy, together with wearing jewelries and riding luxury vehicles. Omega watch, being one of the most representative prestige watch brands under the world’s top watch manufacturing group, Swatch Group, this article discussed the current sales approaches, forces and difficulties. It concluded with appropriate actions and future direction in selling for the company. Industry Overview Direct selling is dominated sales strategy for Prestige Watch industry with distributions in their own brand retailers, watch shops, or watch and jewelries exhibitions. Customers buying luxury watches looking at overall value represented by the product, include durability, design, functionality, uniqueness and most importantly, the image that represented. The product is tangible but it is very difficult to measure as there are various factors and most of them are very subjective and personal. Therefore, selling of luxury watches are usually delivered face to face directly between salespeople and customer. Customers and distributors usually visit retail shops or product expos or relevant exhibitions to choose. Sometimes, salespeople will visit customers with selected products, usually for privileged or customers with more buying records. On the other hand, indirect sells such as internet or phone selling is not very likely to happen in prestige watch industry. Marketing communication plays an important role in building and maintaining stakeholder relationships, where retaining of customer relationship is the main focus of companies having a relationship marketing orientation. In the prestige watch industry, is only moderately relationship marketing oriented. The industry is very concerned in quality and customer commitment, however, its majority is not focused on account based selling to customize and fulfill customer’s need on individual basis. Salespeople usually provide response towards customer’s request, whilst, seldom contact customers proactively without any request. Due to economical changes, there’s a very steady upscale of sales in the industry over the past decades. The global economical problem of 2 extremes riches and poor has revealed the fact that there are more rich men globally and the demand of luxury watches has climbing up over the past years. In the single year of 2006, Swatch group has recorded an increase of gross sale by +12. 3% from the previous year to 5. 050 billion Swiss francs, net profit by +33. 7% to CHF 830 million. Behavioral factor changes also drive future changes in the sales practices. Among the rich people, there is a change in the age structure that there are more young millionaires. Successful of young IT professionals and financial analysts could be sources of those young riches. As observed by director of watch distributor, Mr Ying, the average age of customers has dropped from 50 to 35 over the past decade. Current luxury watches buyers, especially those young professionals, are often more well educated and have a stronger knowledge in wealth management. All these forces and changes will be illustrated in more details in following sections. The Company and Selling Strategy Omega was founded at La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland in 1848 by Louis Brandt. With its first series-produced calibers in 1894, Omega has paved the way of its marketing success being one of the most prestigious brands under Swatch Group, the top watch producer in the world. Omega watch is a typical prestige brand that may not listed as one of the top 10 luxury watches, but the brand is very well known especially for its achievement of being the first watch wear by first astronaut landed on the moon. As there are different sales approaches adapted and forces faced in different markets, we focus on Omega Watches Hong Kong for a more in-depth analysis here. The selling strategy of Omega lined up with others in the industry. Focus stayed in direct selling to customers through retailer shops, distributors or B2B / B2C exhibitions. Sales are usually retail salesperson type, or â€Å"Inside order-taker†, they stay in the shops or booth and make the transactions by providing retail services. Sometimes there are delivery salesperson those will deliver product to customer mainly for privileged customers. Being a brand selling luxury product, Omega has retained customer relationship through member registration with every customer. Decently printed product catalogues and company news were sent to members regularly. In addition to customer walk-in, the company also creates opportunities for sales to seek for new business. For example, members were also invited to join exhibitions or even cocktail parties and events on company’s important days, such as grand opening of new branch. Salespeople dominate in these events to resolve customers’ questions or introduce new goods to potential customers. Company Relationship Marketing Position As a seller of high value precious products, a good customer relationship lead to success of business and relationship marketing model is suitable for the company. However, currently Omega is not a heading relationship marketing company in the industry. Omega has maintained customer relationship through membership and personal contact to privileged customers. Currently, the bonding between sales and members are not very strong as they have little direct contacts. The table below illustrated key issues in relationship marketing orientation and where Omega has positioned in the industry. Extent in Relationship Marketing Orientation |Relationship Marketing |Prestige Watch industry average |Omega Watch company | |Focus |Customer retention rather |Concerned |Not very successful except to a few | | |than single sales | |privileged customers | |Orientation |On customer value rather |Both |Both | | |than product features | | | |Timescale |Long |Short |Short | |Customer service |High |High | High | |emphasis | | | | |customer commitment|High |High |High | |customer contact |High |Medium |Less | |Quality concern |First of all |First of all |First of all | Source: Adapted from Cranfield School of Management, â€Å"Marketing Management: A Relationship marketing Perspective†, Palgrave 2000, page 19 There are rooms of improvement for Omega to retain a better customer relationship. Competitive Advantage Having positioned as a prestige watch with mature skill and technology, the selling approaches developed by Omega has performed in line with the company marketing and production divisions. Marketed for customers in top tier, salespeople are trained to possess knowledge in their product and technology, with a high service level. There is regular management training to receive knowledge in latest technology used in new products from production division. They have to make sure that all salesperson has received the same necessary knowledge. Strengths for selling of the company include the very well back from its history, a very well known brand name was built since has introduced â€Å"moon watch† wear by the first astronaut landed on the moon, until its latest sponsorship of Olympic 2008. The company has already creating opportunities through its launch of jewelries in 2006, that widen coverage of product mix and supplements sales of watches. Besides, they have retained a comprehensive list of customers those could be used for future promotions. Though, weaknesses come from the relatively lower resell price and positioning of the brand remains in a high but not the top level for years. There maybe threats to the company, if there is no breakthrough of the brand, it will be a problem in selling to younger customer segments while it might be perceived as an â€Å"old brand† that remains in middle level of top watches. SWOT Analysis Strength |Weakness | |Good brand name |Reselling price | |Marketing sponsor of Olympic 2008 |Positioning | |Opportunities |Threats | |New jewellery line |Old brand name out dated in fast changing market | |Member list |New brands | | | | Forces and Problems Various forces exert from behavioral, technological and financial points of views driving changes in sales practices in the company. Behaviorally, as buying of prestige watch has become an investment for some of the buyers, which is very important to retain the resell value. Salespeople should be trained to retain condition of watches. Market knowledge, especially resell value of the product segment should be well equipped and updated among salespeople. Technological changes include advanced industrial technology and information technology has both driving changes towards the company. Technology change more frequent advanced skills in material or timepiece mechanical details. For example, Omega unveiled its new Calibres 8500 and 8501, two co-axial movements created exclusively from inception by Omega in Jan 2007. Also, information technology has speed up and improved accuracy of information exchange. Financially, there are more younger and educated customers for prestige watches and Omega. Therefore, on top of original matured and experienced salespeople, there should be younger workforce, with higher education background and more service based mind. Also, due to the develop of Chinese’s economy in latest years, there are more Chinese buyer looking for luxury watches in Hong Kong as there is guaranteed quality control. Major Forces driving changes in Sales Practice of the Company |Behavioral |Technological | |Higher education |Frequent technology change in parts and skills of watch | |Higher wealth management sense |manufacturing | |Rising customer expectations |Fast information xchange | |Globalization of markets |Salesforce automation / Electronic sales channels | |Managerial |Financial and Economy | |Changing to direct marketing alternatives |Increased number of young millionaires | |Blending of sales and marketing |More Chinese tourist buyers | |Increasing professionalism of salespeople and sales managers | | Future and Direction Due to changes in environment, there are some changes in sales practices and strategy as mentioned in previous section. Internally, there should be more salespeople training to adapt latest technology, product design and even stock levels. More young and high-educated sales staff should be employed to attract young professional customers. As Omega has just joined jewelry market, salespeople often possess professional experiences and knowledge in watches but lack of comprehensive knowledge in jewelry. Externally, to maximize effect of retention of customer relationship, Omega should make a use of the existing registered customer records. The salespeople should create more direct contact opportunities to their customers or registered member. For example, Omega may introduce watches and jewelry rentals to their registered members, especially for important occasions such as wedding and business parties. The rental could limit for registered or invited customer only so to retain the prestige image of the brand. Insurance should be applied upon rental to ensure safety of company revenue upon any damage or loss. To attract and retain more Chinese buyers, salespeople should also be well quipped with Mandarin and cultural knowledge to interact with Chinese customers. Most importantly, Omega should breakthrough itself and looks for a better position in the industry. One of the solutions could be releases of a new signature product with very luxury design and materials such that the brands image could be clarified better positioned as one of the top brands. Salespeople should have well equipped knowledge and build strong associate with privileged customers for further company developments. References: 1. Omega website omegawatches. com/ 2. Swatch group website swatchgroup. com/company/company. php? withflash=enabled 3. Wikipedia http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Omega_SA

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How does Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go fundamentally differ from traditional retellings of Frankenstein, and how does this difference shed light on the anxiety of the contemporary moment - Essay Example However, the convenience demonstrated by the use of these items gradually evolves into dependence because human beings find it compulsory at some point in time and the world continues to evolve in information and communication technology. This discourse delves into analysing the differences between the work of Ishiguro and Frankenstein. People develop and feel a sense of major absence of information and communication technology when provided with a situation of working without gadgets. This comes into perspective closely in this paper as well. Analysis of Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro leads to an understanding that continued reliance of devices for operations makes people uneasy. People appear to be at ease with shortcuts offered by machines because it saves time while performing duties. The same people who depend on the devices are afraid of their inabilities to carry out their expected duties without the devices effectively. When the owner of a Smartphone discovers that the gadget is at home while he or she is at work, it makes him or her panic. This is because it dawns onto the owner that he is cut off from instant messages, from the internet, as well as all the digital maps. The user realizes that he or she will struggle to respond to questions, it will a tough task for him or her to find receipts, interact with people across the globe, and find it difficult to navigate highways. It means clearly that this person’s day becomes scattered with aimless intentions. The Smartphone user looses the regular connection as well as association that the small device creates. Surprisingly, the reliance of people on devices supersedes the use of other wants and needs. In other circumstances, the sense of connection claims duty for every aspect of sustaining life such as breathing and heartbeats. In Let Me Go, the view held by Haraway of the

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The Matrix - Movie Review Example The Matrix depicts that human intelligence is a strong force which cannot be repeated or mechanically restored. The movie portrays human intelligence is based on such issues as reasoning, thinking, and problem solving. People differ in their ability to reason effectively. However, the cognitive processes responsible for human actions and performance cannot be repeated by machines. The movie portrays that most people live in quite large social groups, and their intelligence evolved to cope with the demands of social life, the need to learn one's place in a social hierarchy, how to interact with one's social superiors and inferiors, how to co-operate with others, and how, sometimes, to outwit them. In the article, Lazar underlines that: â€Å"power in itself is deceptive as it is based on a paradox: it allows the taste of truth/knowledge but causes its own end (and arguably the end of truth/knowledge)† Using such characters as Neo, Morpheus and Trinity, the movie portrays that o nly human beings have the ability to think and apply decision-making to complex situations. Machines are unable to think flexibly. The Matrix shows that people go one step further by attributing, the possession of a 'theory of mind' which, they proposed, underlay the machines ability to understand, control, or predict the behavior of others. The idea has been taken up by numerous fiction writers, some of whom have argued that we possess a domain-specific 'theory of mind module'.

Problems with morden life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Problems with morden life - Essay Example But modern science and technologies have made life the easiest ever. After man learned to travel fast from place to place within hours, during the present age of Information, they invented the Internet to communicate with others within seconds. All of these invented science and technologies have helped human beings to make their lives comfortable a lot. Now, human life has become more modern. Although, modern life may be convenient, it has negative sides too. The more life becomes easier and comfortable, the more man becomes idle. As a result, idle hours in modern life have caused serious damages the health of modern people. In our industrially developed corporate culture, we, the office-goers, can’t get enough exercise in modern life, because of sedentary jobs, cars and too many machines. As we know, sedentary jobs make people sit in the office andwork all day; they can’t do any exercise on their chairs. If people sit on a chair for a long time without any movement, their back may hurt and theirspinemay curve. It is really harmful for their bodies. Again the car is one of the great inventions in human civilization. It has changed humans’ lifestyle a lot. But, not all things that the car brings to us are good. One bad point is that people exercise less. In the past, when only wealthy people could buy a car, the commoners walked or rode bikes to go somewhere. Both of them are good exercise for people. But when cars become easily accessible to common people, they lose the chance to ride bicycles and also to walk. Thus, people became lazy and started to drive cars anytime instead of wa lking and riding bikes. The last thing that causespeople to get less exercise is too many machines of convenience.People need not only big movement but also small movement. Small movement is like using scissors to cut paper. It helps people to exercise their small muscles and sometimes it is important in preventing arthritis. However, when some machines of convenience

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Effect Of Globalisation On Social Welfare

Effect Of Globalisation On Social Welfare To understand the concept of Glocalization, an understanding of globalization as a process is to be gained. Since glocalization has basically two positions, both defined by the concept of globalization. The two statuses of Glocalization are: Firstly, glocalization can be seen as a result of and an alternative to globalization, and secondly, it may also be referred to as an opposition to globalization. Since most of the scholars involved in explaining glocalization, has often taken the understanding that it emerged because of the grave problems and the negative impacts or consequences of the globalization process. Globalization as a process of integration and interconnectedness in terms of economic, social and political forces has led to various outcome. It has led to greater interaction among states and also led to the increase of non-state actors like transnational corporations and multinational corporations in the economic sector all around the world. And it also brought a decrease in the role of the state and led to the emergence and proliferation of a number of NGOs (non-governmental organizations) and non-state actors in the economic, political and social sectors which operated and had implications on the global and the local arena. Such interaction of the global and local forces is termed as glocalization, the interaction of local-level government with the state and the interaction of this state and its representation in the international/global arena is what glocalization captures. Glocalization basically refers to the interaction or a blending of the local forces with the global forces, or vice-versa, impacting and influencing the other sector. Glocalization in terms of the social aspect basically refers to the impact of globalization on social aspects such as culture, and also in terms of social welfare it relates to the forces involved in the matters of rights, education, women and children and also the ecology. Insecurity is what its based on; earlier insecurity existed only in military terms; of one country going into war with the other; however the concept of security and insecurity now deals with other sectors i.e. the non-traditional security relating to the environment and others. Globalization increa sing the interaction among nations and bringing about a homogeneous notion of culture, security and economy has now led to a proliferation in matters of insecurities. It has added more problems to the world today. Globalization and increasing economic interconnectedness was supposed to be directed towards the entire world contributing to world economy in order for everyone to be well off, however such economic accomplishments have only been diverted mostly towards the developed or the rich countries, thereby it is felt that globalization has increased the level of poverty mostly in the already poor developing or underdeveloped or undeveloped countries, especially the third world countries. When the arguments of the hyper globalists are taken we see that globalization was intended on creating one world, a homogeneous entity. Homogeneous in terms of economy, political and socio cultural aspects, glocalization on the other hand has been seen to emphasize heterogeneity; mainly in terms of culture the term associated would be Creolizaiton- referring to the evoking of cultural fusion and the emergence of new cultures across the globe. Other synonyms for glocalization of culture, and creolization would be mixture or hybridization. On cultural terms we see glocalization to stand contrary to what globalization advocates. One definition of glocalization to be noted is; Glocalization can be defined as an interpretation of the global and the local, resulting in unique outcomes of different geographic areas, it emphasizes global heterogeneity and tends to reject the idea of the West/ Americanization. The concept of glocalization is seen to be contrary to Modernization Theory, which dealt with issues of central concern in the West and the rest of the world to blindly follow the West. Tony Blair, Globalization as a process has been termed as an irreversible and an inevitable process: Bill Clinton, Globalization is not a policy choice, it is a fact. This shows that the west had too much faith in the process of globalization and its impacts. Therefore, it is here that glocalization provides for a critique and an alternative to the globalization, since globalization now is taken as an important process and many have ignored the problems caused by it, glocalization theorists point out to these problems and therefore formulate their idea of the concept that developed. Economically, glocalization would mean the local control of the economy and fair distribution locally. Technology and Information to be encouraged to flow when and where they could strengthen the local economies. The problems of globalization, first would be that with its idea of liberalization, increases the integration of markets and also increases interference. Colin Hines mentions that this leads to reduction of democratic controls over economic affairs, international competition leads to increases interference and therefore leads to erosion of social welfare standards and an environmental regulation with regard to international trade is lost. The burden basically falls on the third world developing countries. In this context what Hines suggests is localization, that is the seen as an alternative to the problems created by globalization, by localization, Hines means which reverses the trend of globalization by favoring the local. Why the critique of globalization emerged, was because with the principles of integration and interconnectedness globalization was to provide an overall development, that is development of countries all over the world, a global process of development was to foster growth in the economic, political and social sector of the entire nation states. However this was not so, instead it has been pointed out that there was a global rise in inequality, declining social and environmental conditions and a loss of power by the sovereign state, local governments and citizens and the major beneficiaries of these processes were the Transnational Corporations (TNCs) and the multinational corporations (MNCs), there was a sharp increase in underdevelopment and underpayment. In the 1 960s the income of the richest fifth of the worlds population were 30 times greater than that of the poorest fifth, and in 1991 it was over sixty times and the 1998 report by United Nations, it was seventy-eight times high. In the 1990s the International Labor Organization reported that one third of the worlds population were underemployed. The 1990 report by the International Labor Organization mentioned that one-third of the worlds population were underemployed.1 Globalization therefore was seen to have negative impacts on nation states, the gap between the rich and the poor were widening. Globalization stands for delocalizaiton i.e. displacement of activities which were local and turning it into a world-wide activities. Globalization stood for the lifting of social activities out of the local knowledge and placing them in networks in which they are conditioned by and condition world-wide events. The process of globalization stands for homogenization, where the processes around the world become one and the same for all the countries. Global actors or institutions like the TNCs engage themselves in different countries, however they do not totally bring about homogenization, certain companies do get involved and adapt to local conditions to maximize local demand for products and service and to minimize their chance of being discriminated against by trade and investment. This is known as Glocalization, defined as a companys attempt to become acc epted as a local citizen in a different trade bloc and little control is given to the area of strategic concern. On economic matters, due to globalization the delocalization gaps between the rich and the poor countries are widening. GLOCALIZATION AS A PROCESS: Glocalization involves the blending of the global and local forces. Its evolution was based on a Japanese term Dochakuka which meant the adoption of farming technique to ones local condition. In the business world the term actually mean global localization, according to Wordspy, glocalization refered to the creation of the products or services intended for the global market, but customized to serve the local cultures, in social sciences the term used or a synonym for glocalization is indigenization. 2 Ronald Robertson has been an important figure in the study of globalization. For him, globalization was not a recent phenomenon, it has existed as a part of the modernization theory, with its emphasis on convergence and homogenization (basically westernization), and he mentioned globalization as the interpenetration of the universalization of the particularization and the particularization of universalism. Globalization and glocalization was to be thought of as interdependent processes, Robertson argued that local and global instead of constituting analytical opposites locality can be regarded, with certain reservations, as an aspect of globalization. 3 Hines, Colin. 2000. Localization: A Global Manifesto, London: Earthscan. Khondker, Habibul.H. Glocalization as Globalization: Evolution of a Sociological Concept, Bangladesh e-journal of Sociology, Vol.1, No.2. July 2004. Eade, John. Living the global City: Globalization as a local process, Routledge Publ. Robertson mentions glocalization to be an accurate term to describe the global/local relationship. There exits the globalization of the locality and the localization of what is global. As such the processes are that of macro localization and micro globalization. Habib in his work Glocalization as Globalization: Evolution of a Sociological Concept, cites examples of such micro globalization and macro localization. For the former he cites the example of social movements like the feminist and the ecological movements which start in small local spaces and then gets expanded to a larger area, also a global arena. Contrary to this view of globalization and glocalization being interdependent processes is the view of the likes of Midgley, who view globalization to be harmful for local economies, as they undermine the role of the sovereign states and uphold the roles of corporations and also create unemployment and poverty in various parts of the world. They believe that globalization leads to a lack of accountability in the new emerging era and as increased economic forces and complex international relations make it difficult to identify the source of the problem, as such so assigning of little responsibility to nation state or companies for any harm that maybe inflicted upon society as a whole and therefore scholars prefer glocalization to enhance the social welfare of citizens. In the era of globalization the role of the state in the social arena is decreased and therefore glocalization here presents a potential to create new social actors and structures that are essentially local in spirit and global in character capable of responding to local social problems brought on by neglect of welfare state in a format backed by global insight and power. Philip Hong and In Han Song suggested development of a globalized social policy assisted by and international organization that together can establish and advocate a common set of solutions to increase global pressures and create opportunities for investing more in such things as education, employment and vital public services. Through this top-down approach of global forces acting at local levels, authors argue that glocalization of social work might offer a means for advancing local welfare and contribute the strength needed to comfort increasing complex global social problems more pronounced into the future. Glocalization and social welfare can be assessed through the analysis of civil society organizations and the Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs). Glocalization for social welfare through NGOs etc. means pressing for certain rights, protecting the local globally/from global to local/going local. Local government officials have been the most useful when they have supported local problem solvers. What Hines suggested was localization which mean de-globalization i.e. the reversal of the process of globalization, turning back everything under local control and local management, which now seems quite possible since globalization has been an age old phenomenon and has brought about innumerable changes which cannot be reversed, as it is difficult to reverse or its removal or reversal is undesirable since globalization has not only had negative effects but positive ones too. As such its reversal would not really be feasible. So glocalization serves as a suitable policy process, since it doe s not demand for a reversal of the globalized process but emphasizes the combined functioning of both the local and the global forces, neither complete globalization nor completes localization, it serves as a neutral policy, gaining from both aspects. It is said that glocalization provides for a blend of local and global forces and in the name of such a blend an example that can be cited is that of the United Nations (UN). The UN being an international/ global organization comprised of member countries from all over the world provides policies for social welfare sectors like that of health, education, environment, rights, the question of women and children and culture. The impact of UN policies are great, it looks into matters which have effect on local levels as well, citing example of the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs), formulated in terms of eradicating poverty, promoting proper health and education, ecological protection and others have been adopted by member nations and these MDGs have also been taken up on state level. According to Scholte, glocalization involves the formulations of certain rules and regulatory institutions for better governance of local agendas with respect to global matters. It is argued that the global governance institutions lack the kinds of formal accountability that national and local governments can provide. World bodies like Commonwealth, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) and the World Bank, they all lack popularly elected executive and therefore this hampers accountability. Insufficient accountability compromises most problems like poverty, inequality, environmental defense, disease and violence are not effectively addressed or eradicated. Therefore through civil society organizations help could be provided, however the sceptics argued such civil society organizations run by elites would further increase the problem of accountability. Contemporary society operates through global frames alongside social spaces. Along with local NGOs there also exists inter-regional associations like the European Union, Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR), ASEAN ( Association of South East Asian Nations), Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) which has been termed as the most developed interregional arrangement. Along with this there exists trans-localism, with groups like UCLG- United Cities and Local Governments, ICLEI, local governments for sustainability. Therefore global governance involves international institutes, inter-regional institutes and trans-local institutes, and good governance in this respect means that these institutes as actors are answerable for its action to the beneficiary for whom they are acting. Glocalization brings out the best in dealing with the local problems with tis reference to global issues though civil society. Such CSOs as human collectivity, people relate to one another on the basis of openness, tolerance, respect, trust and non-violence. Secondly, also a political space where citizens congregate to deliberate upon actual and prospective circumstances of their collective life. The qualities of civil society initiatives like peace movements, human rights advocates, advanced dignity of disabled persons, indigenous populations, outcasts, people of color, sexual minorities and women, citizen campaigns for animal rights and ecological integrity. Certain NGO staff members have represented several small island states in multilateral negotiations on climate change- in china and parts of Africa the relationship between civic groups and the state has sometimes been so close that the associations in question have been dubbed as GONGOs-Government organized NGOs. Some environmental organizations have held observer status in the body that oversees implementation of 1987 Montreal Protocol on substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, the Codex Alimentarius Commission- a Rome based supra-state agency on world food standards and the International Organization have consulted global companies in the process of setting norms. Each country, the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child- has always received an alternative report from civic groups. By 1990, most major UN organs had established a special division for liaison with NGOs. Marrakesh Agreement establishing WTO provided for appropriate arrangements for consultation and cooperation with NGOS. Suggestions for proposals regarding a Peoples Assembly or chamber of companies to be created in the UN alongside General Assembly of States have been made. NGO forums exercised notable influence on declarations and programs of action at various UN sponsored global issue conferences of 1990s. New politics emerged when several civic groups channel important part of their efforts to shape official policy though supra-state agencies as through governments. This has been apparent in environmental regeneration, autonomy of indigenous people, position of women, opportunities for the disabled and world peace. E.g. Movement for the survival of the Ogoni people (MOSOP) created in 1990. MOSOP used support of trans-border environmental, religious, human rights organizations. In other words, it is possible in contemporary politics for grassroots groups to advance their causes though coalitions with NGOs, global governance agencies and even global companies. Two private sector policy makers have been influential in influencing many programs at low levels, these are namely: Ford Foundation and World Economic Forum. Ford Foundation established in 1936 to fund social programs in Michigan. Its funds and grants were to go to NGOs and were to be free from the scrutiny of the state governments. 1960s, ford foundation played a major role in educating development economists, promoting Green Revolution in agriculture, sponsoring population control programs and linking environment and development policies. World Economic Forum, was launched in 1971 was instrumental in launching the Uruguay Round of World Trade negotiations and helped forge links between local and global capital in China, India, Latin America and Russia and post-apartheid South Africa. World Economic Forum also addressed inter-state conflicts with conciliation attempts in affairs as the Arab-Israeli and Greeco-Turkish disputes. Non-official initiatives in environmental regulation are the Ford, Packard and Rockefeller foundation supported major conservation programs. In 1980, World Conservation union (IUCN) and WWF collaborated with UNEP to launch a World Conservation Strategy that developed guidelines for states. World Resources Institute (WRI) formulated the Tropical Forestry Action Plan in 1980 jointly with the UN Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and UNDP. International Council of Science Union plays an advisory role to the World Meteorological Organization and UNEP in setting up and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 1988. The Secretariat for the Convention on International Trade in endangered species of wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) has worked in close cooperation with the IUCN and the WWF. IUCN, WRI and UNEP jointly organized the Bio-Diversity Conservation Strategy Program. NGOS and emancipatory new social movements provide a progressive way forward to more effective and just regulation. Lena Dominelli mentions that initiatives have to be taken to engage in mutual exchanges between local and global players. Locality specific versions of social work was directed to be a resistance to the homogenizing trends embedded in social relations driven by profit motives and the desire of entrepreneurs to appropriate other peoples labor, material resources, geographic spaces and intellectual property. Human, social and environmental degradation is increasing and despite government rhetoric about equal opportunity, elimination of poverty particularly among children within the UK, and on a global scale of twenty-eight billion people expressed and agreed at World Summit for Social Development in Copenhagen in 1995 and Millennium Development Goals pronounced at the UN. The roles of associations like the IASSW International Association of Schools of Social Work, International Council on Social Work (ICSW) and the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW), promoting cross border solidarity in matters of this kind. The benefits of globalization have been contested by anti-globalization movements which demanded economic growth should sustain human beings and the environment in which they live rather than gathering profits for the few. International organizations include such as the Red-Cross OXFAM, and the Save the Children are NGOs that practice on issues like poverty, disasters and health matters, mostly associated with aid and relief. The American New Deal under Franklin D. Roosevelt was nearest the USA could come to guaranteeing provision for families with dependent children and for older people. The concerns with extreme levels of deprivation and threat of social disorder and devastation by second world war especially Europe were picked by Roosevelt and other at United Nations and led to an agreement around Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). UDHR covered civil, political and social rights including the right to welfare. In addition to the organizations of the UN system and the Washington-based financial institutions, such as the international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) like the Human Rights Watch and CARE, such transnational corporations as Shell and Citibank, and global media like the BBC and CNN exerted a growing influence on state policies, and also brought to a large extent the proliferation in the number of NGOs. The involvements of such actors are basically a part of the good governance agenda. They help especially in the Third World and Eastern Europe to bring about changes, certain scholars have been critical of the World Bank intervention in these countries, and mentioned that instead of good governance, what World Bank policies have led to is bad governance. As such, UN commentary on good governance has led to certain ideas namely, the universal protection of Human Rights; non-discriminatory laws; efficient, impartial and rapid judicial processes; transparent public agencies; ac countability for decisions by public officials; devolution of resources and decision making to local levels from the capital and meaningful participation by citizens in debating public policies and choices.4 A report from UNDPs Regional Bureau for Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States emphasized the prerequisites for equity, legitimacy and efficiency: A legitimately strong government can be described as one that commands sufficient confidence in its legitimacy to allow for a strong civil society, and for a network of non-governmental institutions and regulations that ensure the development of a well-functioning economic system, the strengthening of democratic procedures and a widespread participation by people in public life. Giving the state a role to play in the domestic arena may lead to capacity building; in such a way there may be more effective partnerships and institutions internationally and at home, emphasized by the World Development Report 1997. UNDP has since the early 1990s shifted from traditional public sector management to addressing sensitive issues of governance as the human rights etc. And thus emphasized on capacity building; with this emphasis on capacity building for civil Weiss, Thomas.G. Governance, Good Governance and Global Governance: Conceptual and Actual Challenges, Third World Quarterly, Vol. 21. No.5. (Oct.2000).pp. 795-814. society and the private sector has mean that the UN system has a comparative advantage in many of the developing countries. Good governance entails the working of state and civil society actors closely together, Mahbub ul Haq has given the concept of good governance as to be directed towards the notion of human development and thereby leading to Humane Governance. This humane governance has also been emphasized by J.A. Scholte in his book Globalization: a critical introduction, he has mentioned the various issues as insecurities, basically as a result of globalization. Such insecurities are not that of traditional security in terms of the military security and defense but this includes that of Ecological integrity, Health, Poverty, Employment, Working conditions and identity and local knowledge. We can make out from these various insecurities that Scholte talked in aspect of social welfare. The emphasis is on the negative impacts of contemporary globalization on human security. ECOLOGY INTERGRITY: The global environmental issues have become a very critical source of insecurity, global capitalism or global races for capital and development have been particularly harmful for the ecology. Such race have particularly been harmful for the countries of the South, since most ministries have abandoned the environmental projects and policies in an effort to achieve the fiscal targets connected with globally sponsored structural adjustment programmes. Environmental issues are a very good example of how local and global forces interact with each other or affect each other. Various movements at the local level for environmental protection have been raised against the global forces which push countries towards the process of development which are harmful to the ecology of the country. To cite an example would be the Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) in India. A fight a dam Sardar Sarovar Dam to be built on the river Narmada in Central India, this NBA consisted mostly of peasants and tribals, le d by people like Baba Amte and also later activists like Medha Patkar were successful in fighting against the project which was to be funded by the World Bank. They were successful in stopping the Bank from funding the project and thereby got the project banned. This NBA was able to succeed in their efforts since they were able to well-establish links with environmental groups overseas. The Japanese environmentalists persuaded their government not to advance money for the Narmada Valley Project and also US groups were sympathetic to the cause and were also able to persuade their government to do the same. Support from environmentalist from both these countries also helped to persuade the World Bank to give up on the project.5 Environmental issues in industrialized countries had to do with the quality of life, whereas in Africa, Asia and Latin America it mostly was based on survival, the rights to live and work in a healthy environment, the responsibility to protect habitats, livelihoods and systems of life support from contamination, depletion (extraction), and destruction, and also the determination to restore or rehabilitate what has already been harmed. These are the issues that the countries of the South face in terms of ecology, and more sensitive to this issue have been women, ecofeminism as can been referred to. There are inter-linkages in the experience of grassroots environmental movements worldwide namely: the struggle to save old growth forests in Europe, womens initiatives to secure Rangarajan, Mahesh. Environmental Issues in India, Chap.22. Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. safe food supplies in the industrial core of Poland, community efforts in Spain to fight toxic waste dumping, womens movements to retain access to land and forest resources in Kenya, and womens participation in the struggles of the rubber tappers union to protect their forest homes and work places in the Brazilian Amazon.6 Women carry a disproportionate share of responsibilities for resource procurement and environmental maintenance however they have very limited rights to determine the future of resource availability and environmental quality. Women have been at the forefront of emerging grassroots groups, social movements and local political organizations engaged in environmental, socio economic and political struggles. These phenomena are not localized; it is taking place around the world. Sound environmental policies and practice are required in order to achieve sustainable development. In this respect there are certain assumptions that are given: firstly that the involvement of women in collective action around the world, there are critical linkages between global environmental and economic processes and the recent surge in womens participation in public for a, particularly in relation to ecological and economic concern. This surge in womens activism is a response to actual changes in local enviro nmental conditions as well as to discursive shifts toward sustainable development in national and international political circles. Secondly, relates to women are beginning to define their identities and the meaning of gender through expressions of human agency and collective action emphasizing struggles, resistance and cooperation, and also have now included womens knowledge, experience and interests as a worldwide phenomenon, and that the process and results in any one place reflect historical, social and geographical specificity. There are various victories claimed by womens participation in environmental protection at local levels; namely the widespread planting of tress by the Womens Green Belt movement of Kenya, the protection of the Himalayan forests from timber concessionaries by the Chipko Movement in India, in North America grassroots movements led by women have prevented the disposal of toxic wastes. International level organizations that bridge the gap between local and the global have been Womens Congress for a Healthy Planet, WEDO- Women, Environment and Development Organization; WEDNET- Women, Environment and Development Network; and Worldwide Network for women all bring concerns of these locally based movements to national and international policy fora. Global Governance of ecological matters has made notable advances, even though the UN Charter of 1945 did not mention environment, but UN-sponsored global summits on the environment at Stockholm (1972), Rio de Janeiro (1992) and Johannesburg (2002 ) have raised awareness of the problems dealing with environment and brought it to public concern. The ozone regime established through the 1985 Vienna Convention and the 1987 Montreal Protocol has proved successful, and by 1997 world production of the main ozone-depleting substances had fallen considerably, and also the Global Environment Facility (GEF)- operative since 1994 and administered between UNDP, UNEP and the World Bank has pledged some two billion dollars to help poor countries make investments that benefit ecological integrity. Efforts to address global warming has not really proved to be successful, and conferences have been continuously held, but mostly countries which contribute to global warming have been in denial and refuse to limit emissions of Rocheleau, Dianne, Barbara Thomas-Slayter and Esther Wangari, Feminist Political Ecology: Global Issues and local experiences, Published by Routledge.